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A transition from coal-based electricity generation to low-greenhouse-gas-emission energy technologies is required to mitigate climate change in the long term. The use of current infrastructure to build this new low-emission system necessitates additional emissions of greenhouse gases. This study shows that rapid deployment of low-emission energy systems can do little to diminish climate impacts in the first half of this century, but generally appear to be able to achieve substantial climate benefits in the second half of this century. [Source: Environmental Research Letters]
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