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Numerous observations indicate that ice-ocean interaction drives much of the recent increase in mass loss from both the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Much less well understood are the details of the processes by which warmer waters in contact with glacial ice lead to greater ice loss, particularly for tidewater glaciers in Greenland. Although ice-ocean processes are at least qualitatively better understood in Antarctica, there are still numerous challenges to understanding the ice-sheet response to warmer ocean waters, in particular problems related to grounding line migration and iceberg calving. [Source: Science]
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