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In this article, scientists review estimates of bioerosion, CaCO3 dissolution, and net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and how these processes will change in response to ocean acidification (OA). They critically evaluate the observed relationships between NEC and seawater aragonite saturation state (Ωa). They propose that standardized NEC rates combined with observed changes in the ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon to total alkalinity owing to net reef metabolism may provide a biogeochemical tool to monitor the effects of OA in coral reef environments. [Source: Annual Review of Marine Science]
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