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As far back as 1896, the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius hypothesized that changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere could alter surface temperatures. He also suggested that changes would be especially large at high latitudes. Since the mid-20th Century, average global temperatures have warmed about 0.6°C (1.1°F), but the warming has not occurred equally everywhere. Temperatures have increased about twice as fast in the Arctic as in the mid-latitudes, a phenomenon known as "Arctic amplification." [Source: NASA Climate Change News]
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