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In permafrost soils, 'excess ice', also referred to as ground ice, exists in amounts exceeding soil porosity in forms such as ice lenses and wedges. Here scientists incorporate a simple representation of excess ice in the Community Land Model (CLM4.5) to investigate how excess ice affects projected permafrost thaw and associated hydrologic responses. They initialize spatially explicit excess ice obtained from the Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground-Ice Conditions. [Source: Environmental Research Letters]
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