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Upwelling of nutrient-rich, subsurface water sustains high productivity in the ocean's eastern boundary currents. These
ecosystems support a rate of fish harvest nearly 100 times the global mean and account for >20% of the world's marine fish
catch. Environmental variability is thought to be the major cause of the decadal-scale biomass fluctuations characteristic of
fish populations in these regions, but the mechanisms relating atmospheric physics to fish production remain unexplained. [Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]
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