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Ralph Cicerone was an authority on climate change who shaped science and environmental policy worldwide, including at the helm of the US National Academy of Sciences. Early in the 1970s, he and atmospheric chemist Richard Stolarski showed that chlorine could damage Earth's protective ozone layer. Soon, others - who later received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work - found that widely used industrial chemicals released chlorine into the stratosphere, creating a hole in the ozone layer that let dangerous ultraviolet radiation reach Earth's surface. [Source: Nature]
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