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In the Baltic Sea, alkalinity inputs via river water are subject to strong regional differences. Together with the alkalinity input by inflowing North Sea water different alkalinity regimes are formed which lead to characteristic regional distributions of the total CO2 and pH. Alkalinity also affects the relationships between the variables of the CO2 system. The magnitude of the change in pCO2 in response to a change in total CO2 increases with decreasing alkalinity. This effect is important when pCO2 measurements are used to estimate biological production, but it also influences CO2 gas exchange with the atmosphere, by increasing the equilibration time at high alkalinities. [Source: Springer Oceanography]
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