| Description: |
We use the approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) to investigate the optimal precursory disturbances in a theoretical El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) model and then an intermediate model. By exploring the dynamical behaviors of El Niño events caused by these CNOP-type precursors, a characteristic for theoretical El Niño events is shown. [Source: Atmospheric Research]
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